What caused the Great Depression of the 1930s What happened during the Essay

What caused the Great Depression of the 1930s What happened during the depression - Essay Example and during the crisis of the 1930’s, are still being debated today while the country suffers through a similar economic situation due to similar causes. Unfortunately most of what the government did then, as some would argue today, did little to help either people or business and only acted to make the situation worse. This paper examines what caused the Great Depression, its effects on the country and the results of the government’s reaction to it. Many things contributed to causing the Great Depression but there were two key reasons, the lack of financial oversight and the country’s wealth was unevenly distributed among its citizens. The 1920’s was a prosperous period for the country but a middle class, as we know it now, did not exist. Those with money kept the economy going due to their voracious consuming habits but when the rich slowed or stopped spending the economy followed suit. While businesses had significant productivity gains during the 1920’s, its employees shared a relatively small portion of the wealth they produced.   â€Å"Between 1923 and 1929, manufacturing output per person-hour increased by 32 percent, but workers’ wages grew by only 8 percent.† (Collazo, 2005). During this period, corporate profits rose by 65 percent and the government gave huge tax breaks to the wealthy allowing them to keep much of those profits. The Revenue Act of 1926 lowered the taxes of persons m aking $1 million per year by about 70 percent.    By 1929 the total earnings for the top one-tenth of one percent of American households was equal the bottom 42 percent.   The U.S. economy became more unstable as the income inequality grew. The health of the country’s economy depended on how much the rich spent but during the late 1920’s this very small portion of society began to decrease not only its spending but investment expenditures too which greased the wheels of the economic decline. â€Å"Since there were relatively few persons of great wealth, a

Written analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Written analysis - Essay Example Giving it as a hypothetical case, if the customer is late queuing in a place, he or she misses out on a business engagement and hence losses money just because poor service provision on part of the business. If it is a personal engagement, an individual’s name carries some costs to it that cannot be quantified. A person’s dignity cannot be bought with money hence making it even a bigger loss. For the company, the losses that accrue from customer queuing are immense. The company only manages to serve very few customers out of a large number of them hence losing on the opportunity to make money. Secondly, the customer who queues in a place waiting to get some services will avoid coming to do business again and will search for such similar services providers. In the common perfect competition and monopolist market structures, the business will obviously lose on customers. There will be no customer loyalty, and hence this will define the end of the business. This can be managed by having many business agents to serve the customer and expand rooms where these services are offered. At Macro, however, the management is very aware of these queues and the costs they have on business. Arguably, they knew how to manage the situation better by avoiding falling in the pitfall. In this era of the technology revolution, the management could not gamble with it and have introduced highly specialized e-services to the clients by liaising with various service providers. As has been the case, word of mouth has been a potent business marketing tool. Word of mouth, in other words, means customer feedback on the services offered at any organization. Customer feedback is number one yardstick that evaluates and determines if the customers are getting services worth time and money. Only if the customers have satisfied with the business will they comment positively and when they are not satisfied, certainly, they would respond negatively. For any

The Role of Women in the Church Essay Example for Free

The Role of Women in the Church Essay The role that women play in Church has always been a misunderstood and heavily scrutinized issue within the church. These negative thoughts may be attributed to the bible’s own scriptures in regards to women. It is widely believed that men are natural born leaders, as that is the way God made them, but modern society has shown us that women can be just as successful in leading, if not more so. Today women serve as positive leaders in politics, business, law and even in some churches as of lately. So why then, do many churches refuse women the right to serve as leaders? Why did God include passages of the Bible that restrict women’s leadership? According to The Rise Of Women As Church Leaders (2006), Many Christian religions keep women out of top leadership posts – especially the pulpit. Their reasons rely mainly on selective readings of certain biblical passages regarding women.† (para. 2) Women should listen and learn quietly and submissively (Timothy 2:11). I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. (Timothy 2:12-14). If they have any questions to ask, let them ask their husbands at home, for it is improper for women to speak in church meetings (Corinthians 13:35). The women should keep quiet in the churches, for they are not authorized to speak, but should take a secondary and subordinate place, just as the Law also says (Corinthians 14:34). These are each very clear examples of the restrictions of leading women in Christianity. While many churches continue to deny women certain human rights, it is very clear that without women, the Christian religion would be a vastly different community. In recent years, women have seen a large amount of changes within Christianity. This religion has actually put fourth opportunities for women in the community. While the rights of women might not be the equivalent to men as of yet, Christianity has helped give women a stronger place in society while hugely contributing to successful leaps in rights. Jewish and Islamic societies have also had their own issues regarding women’s roles. The primary role of a woman in all three religions is to be a wife and mother. Judaism teaches that men and women are equal in the eyes of God even though Judaism sets different roles for each sex. In Islam, it is a little bit different. The Qur’an regards men and women as equals and states that they should each be treated the same. However, many Muslim societies practice the oppression of women in day to day life. Similar to Orthodox Judaism, men and women worship separately in Islamic cultures. Christianity, Judaism and Islam have each seen many leaps and bounds in the rights of women in recent years. The next century could see even larger changes for women and possibly the complete abolishment of the oppression of women. Reference The Rise of Women as Church Leaders. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0719/p08s01-comv.html

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children?

Does Violence in the Media Contribute to Violent Children? Alaina Davis While some people may disagree that violent media contributes to violent children, the fact remains that violence is now part of our everyday world. Many tragedies, from the Gulf War to the loss of the World Trade Center Towers were televised nightly or even 24 hours a day on some news channels. I am not suggesting children be deprived of the knowledge that there is violence in our world, rather I would suggest that children must be supervised for such programming, because children cannot always tell the difference between fact and fantasy. In this paper, we will look at three specifically violent events and the feelings of children who viewed the events on television, or were within close proximity to the violence and watched it televised as well. I do not personally believe that television has the exclusive power to create a violent child however; I do believe that it can be an integral part of a storm of events that can help to create a violent child. There is an amazing array of numbers and facts surrounding television alone, regardless of programming and the ages of the children who watch unsupervised. Fremont (2007), states that there is an average of three televisions in 41% of American homes. Children from ages 2-7 watch television unsupervised and alone 81% of the time. In this same age group, 33% have televisions in their own bedrooms. I personally feel that this is far too much television for children of this age to watch television so much with no adult supervision. It is obvious that television has indeed become the new babysitter. Another statistic from Fremont (2007) is that children watch televised news 65% of the time as compared to 44% who read newspapers. Television, and images in general tend to generate a more visceral reaction than reading printed text does. For example, I can write a text only report about the violence surrounding the Twin Towers Attacks on September 11, 2001, and it will no doubt stir up some reaction, in part because we all had such a large amount of television exposure to the event. However, even at that, reading a text only report, will not elicit the same visceral response as showing pictures will, and that response will heighten with each enhancement to the report. Videography, with a narrator and actual live footage of the event, elicits the strongest reaction to any event, good or bad. However, in our society, violence seems to elicit the strongest responses and the most interest. This is true of not only our news broadcasts, but of television shows, movies and video games. A few more facts, which will become more clear as we relate them to specific events: Less than 50% of children display feelings of anger, depression, or sadness after watching the news (Fremont, 2007). Bushman (2007), states that younger children are more likely to imitate what they see on television. Considering the amount of the age 2-7 group of children that are allowed unsupervised viewing and the psychological processing of that age group, it is easy to see why they would imitate what they see without reasoning for consequence. Browne Hamilton-Giachritsis (2007). have shown a correlation between homes that are violent in nature, children who watch large amounts of televisions in these violent homes, and juvenile delinquency in their teenage years. There are many forms of violence available on television, as entertainment, education, or in conjunction with television and the internet, such as on violent gaming. As a starting place, we are going to briefly visit three national tragedies, in order of happening because television coverage increased with each tragedy. As coverage increased, so did the amount of televisions available to view it on, as well as the time of the coverage. The first national tragedy is the Challenger accident, resulting in the destruction of the space capsule, as well as everyone on board, including a civilian female schoolteacher. Compared to the next two national tragedies, the Challenger received little airplay of the accident scene that was aired on the national news of the takeoff, and the very sudden violent explosion of the capsule. As an adult, I briefly remember the news coverage about the accident, and I remember that coverage was short lived. I had a 3-year-old daughter at the time, but she was never allowed to watch television unsupervised as a child, and she did not watch televised news. However, in a small study done at the time of 153 children from Concord, NH, and Porterville, CA, there was no initial reaction difference between the two coasts (Fremont, 2007). There was an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in East coast children, as opposed to the West coast children (Fremont, 2007). Fremont (2007). did not state the ages of the children involved in the study, but we know that children under eight are generally less able to tell the difference between fantasy and reality. That is why children from 2-7 still believe in the Tooth Fairy, the Easter Bunny, and the monsters under the bed. Because they do not always process these events as real, and therefore not as horrific as older children, juveniles do and adults do, if they develop symptoms at all, it is likely as an emotional cue that this is how we are supposed to act in response to such a tragedy. The Oklahoma City Bombing was a personal event because I live in Oklahoma. There was more national coverage on the news, and for a longer period of time than with the Challenger accident. Neighbors talked about it for longer periods, even after the news stopped covering it. In another study, seven weeks after the event, 3000 children of middle and high school age were surveyed. Freemont (2007). noted that those who were bereaved through involvement, directly, or indirectly, were more likely to report symptoms than those who were not so closely involved with the incident. However, it is also important to note that the Murrah Building Bombing’s television exposure did lead to trauma related symptoms for more than 2 years past the actual event date (Fremont, 2007). Given the additional coverage time and duration of this incident, which occurred nine years after Challenger, it is obvious that violent television broadcasts do have an effect on children. Our final national tragedy is the day simply known now as 9/11. On September 11, 2001, hijacked jets being flown into each of its twin towers attacked the World Trade Center in New York (Manhattan). Television and radio coverage started before anyone even knew what was happening. First reports were only for a plane of undetermined size having crashed into the North Tower. Before it was all over, a third plane would have crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth would be diverted by extremely brave passengers into crashing into a farm field, rather than its target, which was assumed to the be the White House. The second crash into the Twin Towers was televised in live time, as it happened. People all over America and the world watched as those towers burned, smoke rolling from them, and people jumping amid the papers blowing off the exposed upper floors. Finally the entire crash of first one tower and then the other, all taking place on live television, in real time. This was horrific f or a number of reasons: the amount of people initially dead and missing, relatives across the country, and around the world were uncertain if they were in shock for the nation, grieving personally, or both. Television coverage went on and on, replaying the horrific images repeatedly on 24-hour broadcasts. Other news was reported while these images played in the background on some channels. Fremont (2007). reports in a study done of grade 4-12 aged children in the New York City School system reported an increase of 8.5% of PTSD symptoms following this tragedy. A supporting study confirmed that there were symptoms of PTSD (particularly anxiety) in children who had excessive television exposure to this event even as far away as the West Coast. The difference was that children at a distance suffered more anxiety over whether a loved one was injured or killed; children on the East Coast suffered grief for those injured or killed in the attacks, as well as anxiety about their futures, and the impact this tragedy would have on their future (Wilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A., 2010). Again, parental influences did have some bearing on how much stress a child suffered from this event. According to Wilson, A.C. et.al. (2010), children from single parent homes displayed more symptoms than homes where both parents were present. Another important point is that children who had parents who showed positive emotional responses following the 9/11 attacks, such as crying in grief were much more likely to seek out or ask for help with their feelings over the attack. We do see that violence has an effect on children, at least, on school age children. The three events we have discussed so far were real incidents, happening to real people, and being broadcast in real time on television. But what effect does interactive violent media have on our children? The more attractive video games, to the age 8 and above group, are violent. Whether it is fantasy violence, such as Angry Birds, or animated human violence, such as Halo, or other war programs, these are the games that are advertised heavily, promoted as â€Å"great gifts† and come with a great amount of attached peer pressure to play these games. Bushman (2007). noticed that females had become increasingly violent as the media and society supports the tough, aggressive female character. Traditionally, females are exposed to violent video games later than males, because they are not drawn to watch violent sporting events such as football and hockey (Bushman (2007). While news broadcasts of national tragedies obviously cause symptoms of stress and anxiety in older children, what about younger children? For younger children, violence seems to really have not much of an effect. We read Grimm’s stories to our toddlers; it rarely gives them cause for stress, or anxiety. They are unlikely to display infantile reactions to stress from being read Hansel and Gretel, for example by sucking their thumb, or wetting the bed after hearing the story. Yet, this story is violent; two children, left in the woods by their parent, found by a witch, who attempts to murder them. For children under the age of eight, most research seems to agree that televised violence, viewing video games, or even hearing stories such as Grimm’s Fairy Tales, have little to no effect. Kotler and Calvert (n.d.), support that younger children tend to use instrumental aggression; aggression that is used in the quest of controlling or obtaining an object. Therefore, an average preschooler may strike another child in the quest to get a toy, for example. However, by the time the child enters the first grade, at age 6 or 7, they are starting to use words to fight, rather than physical violence, and may even reject physically aggressive school peers. Supporting my theory that violent media alone does not make a violent child, Kotler and Calvert (n.d.) assert that by the time a child is a pre-adolescent or adolescent, they understand that the quest of revenge, such as is displayed in many video games, is the wrong moral path. However, those children without strong social ties, and who tend to be isolated, endorse violent revenge (Kotler Calvert, n.d.). Further support to the fact that while violent media does contribute, but is not the sole reason for violent children, is a study conducted by Johnson, et.al., over 17 years in a community of 707 individuals. In each case, there was significant support for those who watched violent television in early adolescence and subsequent aggressive acts in adolescence and young adulthood. Males outweighed females in the same age brackets, but routinely, those who watched television for more than 3 hours per day, regardless of the violent content, were 14.6% more likely, overall to engage in physical assault or fighting that would result in injury at age 16 or 22. For those same ages and the same amount of television, 12.7% were likely to engage in any aggressive act on another person. These statistics were true whether or not the adolescent had any of the other risk indicators present for aggressive behavior, or a history of aggressive behavior (Johnson, Cohen, Smailes, Kasen, Brook, 2005). I have to admit that when I chose this topic, I was not on the side of violent television causing violent children, or even being a major contributor. However, the facts are irrefutable; children who view violence after the age of 8, particularly when the situation of the children’s lives are coupled with a low income home that may be violent in nature, is more likely to become violent, or at least accept violent behavior in their adolescent and young adult years. Of course, contributing to my own view is the fact that when I was a child, most homes did not even own one television, programming was rarely violent in terms of today’s acceptable programming, and we were generally limited to an hour of prime time, supervised viewing with the entire family between dinner and bedtime. With the research conducted however, it is not possible to deny that younger children (under age 8) are less able to process and disseminate information, because they simply have no frame of reference for what is acceptable and unacceptable in terms of violence. I do not believe, however, that children of this age should watch television unsupervised, simply because they are learning to reference what they see. Without an adult present to help them interpret what they see, in later years, they will not have a frame of reference to fall back on. Society will never be perfect; we will always have those children, as well as adults who suffer rejection, bullying, and other forms of violence simply because they are different. However, I honestly believe if we all take the advice of the researchers, and supervise our young children, rather than forbid violence in all forms, we will raise children who will be able to survive those rejections, bullying’s and other hurts of growing up without becoming violent. On the other hand, limiting and supervising the viewing and use of violent media in the home may help those children who suffer from disabilities that already promote low empathy (such as Autism Spectrum Disorders like Asperger’s) to understand that violence solves nothing. Finally, parents must accept primary responsibility for their children, their children’s viewing and gaming habits, and ensure that their friends have parents who are involved and engaged with their children as well. Fremont (2007). recommends that the age group under eight not view television or other media without supervision. She also recommends that the adults in a child’s life be prepared to help them with responsible interpretation of any violent content that is viewed. References Browne, K.D., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public health approach. Lancet, 365(9460), 702-210. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011. Bushman, D. B. (2007, March 2). The impact of entertainment media on children and families. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from Iowa State University Extension: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/families/media/pages/qa.bushman.html Fremont,Wanda P., M.D., (2007, November 15). Reactions of children exposed to media coverage of terrorism. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from St. Josephs Hospital and Health Center: www.sjhsyr.org/sjhhc/pdf/chip_FremonReactions07.ppt Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S., Brook, J. S. (2005, March 29). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science, 295, 2468-2471. Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 29, 2011. Kotler, J. A., Calvert, S. L. (n.d.). Children and adolescents’ exposure to different kinds of media violence: Recurring choices and recurring themes (Research Paper). Retrieved from Children’s Digital Media Center/Georgetown University: http://cdmc.georgetown.edu/papers/children_and_adolescent’s_exposure.pdf Wilson, A.C., Lengua, L.J., Meltzoff, A.N., Smith, K.A. (2010). Parenting and temperament prior to September 11, 2001, and parenting specific to 9/11 as predictors of children’s post-traumatic stress symptoms following 9/11. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 445-459. Doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.486317, Retrieved from Ebscohost. October 30, 2011

Divorce or Annulment Essay -- Social Issues, Custody of the Children

In the failure of marriage, most couples nowadays prefer to have a divorce or annulment. For them, separation is a lot easier than forcing a relationship to work. However, the consequences of divorce appear to have greater impacts on children and not just on the couple. The custody of the children is usually brought into court settlements to determine which party, whether the mother’s or the father’s, qualifies for custody. In this regard, lawyers require help from mental health experts who would make evaluations of both parties. Mental health experts also provide counseling that would help the individuals to cope with the condition that they are experiencing. This way, the psychologist would have dual tasks: a forensic evaluator and a therapeutic counselor. This dual task would be the center of this discussion. In 1997, Greenberg and Shuman wrote an article that shows the irreconcilable conflict between dual roles of mental health experts in court proceedings. Several factors have enabled mental health experts to appear as forensic expert witnesses. However, these two roles are not compatible due to several differences between these and confidentiality and anonymity are compromised. Definitions must first be provided to differentiate between the roles. The therapist refers to a clinician or mental health expert who provides psychotherapy to the client. His primary responsibility is to treat his patient. A fact witness, meanwhile, refers to the person testifying based on direct observations. He does not offer expert opinions. In short, a therapist who serves as fact witness is someone who testifies based on the observations carried out during therapy. His conclusions are thus drawn from his observations (Strasburger, Gutheil, &... ...ings as therapist and forensic expert. This is due to the premise that assuming the roles of both a therapist and a forensic expert may lead to the possibility that the expert is more concerned about the conclusion of the case than the integrity and accuracy of his testimony. Furthermore, there are many differences between the roles of the therapist and the expert. Some of these differences include attitudes of each expert, goals, and roles of therapist-patient and forensic-expert-patient relationships. These differences lead to the incompatibility of dual roles. Furthermore, confidentiality and anonymity are compromised when therapists provide testimony in court proceedings. While some researchers believe that the dual roles can be compatible, the points discussed in this paper are adequate enough to conclude that therapeutic and forensic roles are incompatible.

THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Butterfly Effect† was perhaps one of the best films I have ever seen. I found it mysterious, interesting and fascinating. I wanted to write my reaction paper about â€Å"Butterfly Effect† because of the similarity to the film we saw in class called â€Å"Donnie Darko†. Both films investigate the issue of destiny thoroughly. Both film had a male character that has memories, dreams or black outs which make them at first confused. But later on, they realized the power they have in order to change their destiny. The main difference between those two films is their endings. While Donnie Darko has a bad ending, Butterfly effect ends more optimistic. We can say the end of the film in â€Å"butterfly effect† is left to the audience to interpret. Also Donnie Darko had the time travel once but the main character Evan had the time travel several times. Both films impressed me much and changed my view about destiny. But the reason I write about ‘’ B utterfly Effect† is that it was more realistic than â€Å"Donnie Darko†. (Rabbit) While watching the film my suspense level was always at the top. Some points were kept mystical and contradictory till the end of the film. At the first scenes in Film, it is a little bit hard to understand what is happening, but later on, the story can be understand easily. At the beginning we know just that the main character Evan is living with his mom and has a bad childhood with full of missing memories and black outs. He started to get psychological treatment right a... THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Essay -- essays research papers â€Å"Butterfly Effect† was perhaps one of the best films I have ever seen. I found it mysterious, interesting and fascinating. I wanted to write my reaction paper about â€Å"Butterfly Effect† because of the similarity to the film we saw in class called â€Å"Donnie Darko†. Both films investigate the issue of destiny thoroughly. Both film had a male character that has memories, dreams or black outs which make them at first confused. But later on, they realized the power they have in order to change their destiny. The main difference between those two films is their endings. While Donnie Darko has a bad ending, Butterfly effect ends more optimistic. We can say the end of the film in â€Å"butterfly effect† is left to the audience to interpret. Also Donnie Darko had the time travel once but the main character Evan had the time travel several times. Both films impressed me much and changed my view about destiny. But the reason I write about ‘’ B utterfly Effect† is that it was more realistic than â€Å"Donnie Darko†. (Rabbit) While watching the film my suspense level was always at the top. Some points were kept mystical and contradictory till the end of the film. At the first scenes in Film, it is a little bit hard to understand what is happening, but later on, the story can be understand easily. At the beginning we know just that the main character Evan is living with his mom and has a bad childhood with full of missing memories and black outs. He started to get psychological treatment right a...

Hip Hop and Americas Youth Essay

Music is a large part of life, it is important to America’s culture and identity. Music can   produce a negative effect on behavior and susceptible audiences, leading to aggressive behavior   in many of American youth. There have been many debates over hip-hop and its influence on the  youth community in America. Some people believe that it has a negative impact while others feel  that it does not account for any change in youth society. I believe that hip hop plays a role in the   destruction of the youth community in the America. How does music and human behavior   correspond? What are the negative and positive effects that hip hop has towards Americas youth   community?  Before I reach into the negative influences I would like to discuss the positive influences hip-hop  has brought to the society. Hip-Hop is among the top 5 most played genres. The oral creativity   the performer uses to generate a certain simile, metaphor, language and rhyme. Hip-hop and   poetry share the same methods that expedite into the youth culture to grow companionship   throughout the audience. Many devotees have agreed critical thinking about the society is   encouraged by hip-hop. Hip-hop is being used as an instructional tool by many instructors to   employ it for teaching grammar, mathematics and the periodic table.  The development of hip-hop started in Bronx New York. The evolution of hip-hop continues to   expand to our present day. It has become a movement and culture that began 30 to 40 years ago.   Kool Herc (DJ) is known as being a founder of hip-hop in 1967 when he made his first gig at his   sisters’ birthday party. Alterations within the culture have taken the originality to a whole new   level with technology taking its jump and commercialism overrunning the music industry.   (Palvic, 2006) The four elements condition (social, economic, cultural and political) reflects the  youth community allowing them to listen in a way they can relate or portray society. The Black   Arts Movements, Black Power, Civil Rights, New Negro Renaissance, Blues and Jazz are all phenomenon’s that can be drawn as similar artistic movements such as hip-hop. Rapping,   graffiti art, break dancing, and disc jockeying are considered to be among the four elements that wrap around hip-hop. Ever since hip-hop appeared in the Bronx, hip hop has incorporated a style  of language, dress and dialect and a way of looking at the world. (Alridge and James, 2005)  The relationship between human behavior and music is strong. Music effects human behavior in many ways and can summon emotions. (Gurney, 1982) There are types of music that   can relax a person, get a person pumped, and eve make a person feel sad. Music can increase   levels of memory as well as increase concentration levels. M usic is subject to bring a straight influence on the behavior of an individual. Studies have proven that music decreases the   accuracy of handwriting and keyboard typing. Nearly over one thousand studies have shown that  violent lyrical music produces a negative behavior in not all but certain children. The average   teens spend 4 to 5 hours daily listening to music or watching it on television. A Swedish study showed that more children that are conducted around violent music are more like to be influenced by their fellow peers than influenced by their parents/guardians. One can estimate that  youths are spending more time listening to music than listening to the guidance of their parents/guardians. More parents/guardians are getting less involved with what their children are listening to. One may believe that these parents/guardians may think that there is no consequence  for their children .This is a result in youths being lead down the wrong path which will eventually stab them later in life. This compilation almost works like the butterfly effect. Its starts out with something small and gradually work its way into something big. Human personality is developed unconsciously in the stages of growth in child hood. What we learn in  Hip Hop and America’s youth community 4  and become accustomed to in our childhood development will insure what we will become in our  adulthood. The concern is not within hip-hop itself but it’s the songs that promote racism, sex, violence, and drug use. These elements are the outlook of the world that hip-hop brings to society. I believe if you can change this outlook you can change the world. Violent hip-hop is just entrainment or gangster stories painted through lyrics like picture movies, simply believe everything a rapper says and sometimes begin to behave the same as well. (Mcwhorter, 2003)Dr. Tricia Rose conducted a research to determine whether violent lyrics,and in the case of music videos, violent images, can cause violent youth behavior. She gathered 5 youth ranging from the ages 5-12. In this experiment the children are the independent variable and hi p hop music being the dependent variable. Dr. Tricia had four computer monitors set up. Each child would watch the music videos with headsets on. Dr. Tricia then would study the behavior the children showed. She concluded from four out of five children were showing signs in change of behavior as the hip hop music was being played. The younger children would follow what they were seeing. The children would raise their hands up and flash gang’s signs up as they saw in the music video. Dr. Tricia proves that the majority of the children that sat and watched the music video were affected by what was being played. Hip hop artist have changed rapidly over the past 30 to 40 years. The culture is now usingdrugs, money, foul language and many other things to get inside the listener’s head. (Mcwhorter, 2003) One may wonder if developing a clean version of hip hop music to be played on the radio is enough. It doesn’t change what the artist is really inferring. The people o f America should not allow their youth community to listen to such music for it will only cause bigger problems in the long run. First off the black youth community in America will not be able grow in the society. The Black community will always looked upon as being a group of uneducated ignorant people. When playing music human behavior is to mimic what they see or hear. One can believe that children will be cursing, having adolescent sex, dressing inappropriately and etc. The hip hop culture has become more inappropriate the past 30 to 40 years. Classic hip-hop is the MC who raps from the heart while enlightens the people with a different way of seeing the world. The term MC is short for master of ceremonies, which was started in 1974(before rap).We’ve noted that many of the youth community in America can have a negative and little positive effect on hip hop music. Music can affect human behavior in psychological ways. Parental guidance is overrun by the amount of hours youths listen to music. Although music is a large part of life, it’s important to America’s culture and identity. The debates over hip hops negative effect on youth will continue unless the culture puts in the effort to change the hip-hop industry. References Alridge, Derrick P., and James B. Stewart. â€Å"Introduction: Hip Hop in History: Past, Present, and Future.† The Journal of African History 90.3 (2005): 190-95. Print. Gurney, Edmund (1982). â€Å"The psychology of music.† Mind, 7(25), 89-100.Print. Mcwhorter, John H. â€Å"How Hip-Hop Holds Blacks Back.† (n.d.): n. pag. City Journal. The Manhattan Institute, Summer 2003. Web. Feb.-Mar. 2014. . Palvic, E. (2006). Rap, Soul, and the Vortex at 33.3 RPM: Hip-Hop’s Implements and African American Modernisms. Callaloo, 29(3), 956-968.