Psalms Team Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psalms Team Analysis - Essay Example The other category is the praise and thanksgiving Psalms. As the name suggests it is normally used when people are thanking God and praising Him for the good deeds that he has done unto them. It is normally used when thanking God after a blessing or a good deed. Another category is that of the Hymn psalms. They are normally divided into Creation Hymns and Divine Kingship.. They are normally used to recognize the majestic Power of God. They were used to describe the relationship at existed etween he Israelites and God. This type of psalm is best used when praising God and acknowledging that he is Lord and the God of all Gods. His powers are above all and he should be worshipped by all. There is another category of Trust psalms. These are normally used when one is facing a certain trial or tribulation. An individual or a group asks for divine intervention from God. Royal psalms on he other hand is a category that was used or rather directed to the kings. They were used to guide and praise the kings who ruled over the people. Wisdom psalsms were designed for guiding or rather offering techings. They are mostly applicable when one wants to learn more about the word of

Research Topics for English 1A Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Topics for English 1A - Research Paper Example As observed by the writer, these actions are subject to persecution and most of the times it does not. He argues that an animal cruelty as a subject is tricky to enforce because, as his analysis and studies show, it is only as good as the place it is being implemented. His article brings out the lapses and loopholes in the law put in place to take care of animal rights. Truth is that the set laws more protect the people who mistreat the animals; it is ironical in the sense that the laws are animal rights based. From all that analysis, it becomes the writer’s objective and goal to encourage and ensure people learn more about animals and brush out issues that at the first glance may not appear as animal cruelty. Gullone in his book demonstrates how animal cruelty is another anti-social behavior. He tackles and defends his main point by use of real life examples and keeps on quoting studied reports on the effects of animal cruelty to human social and emotional behavior. He considers a case study where, 74% of convicted felons who had been charged with aggressive behavior and practices against others e.g. robbery with violence. That all of them were previous perpetrators of animal cruelty at some point in their lives, and it is what has resulted into these antisocial behaviors. He advises that children should be bred to tolerate animals. No child should be allowed to be violent against other creatures even if they are not people. He asserts that children who kill, torture and torment other living things, are at a higher chance of ending up in jail at some point in their lifetime. He reckons that by killing, tormenting and subjecting other living things to cruelty, these individuals harden their hearts against humanity and become cruel over time. At the end, they never see anything wrong when a fellow person is subjected to such inhumane did and are

Fashion and Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fashion and Art - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and Art" discusses the connection between art and fashion. Due to the pressure that Paris faced during this time, it lost its position as the world’s top fashion hub. In the meantime the United States shifted its reliance on France for clothing and fashion designs and developed its own industry using homegrown cotton. As a result of these efforts, the United Sates managed to become the top nation in fashion, a position it maintained until sometime after the Second World War. This changed in the 1940s when Paris began to recover its position as the world’s acclaimed fashion hub. By the 1950s Paris had almost regained back its position and by the 1970s, the nation had fully regained its international fashion acclamation. Today, both the United Sates and Paris continue to compete in the world’s fashion although Paris continues to outdo the United States. The connection between art and fashion gained exceptional closeness in the 1920s. In order to gain ideas and encouragement, designers hooked up with artists. As a result of new developments in art such as Art Deco, Futurism, and Surrealism, art and clothing were blended into fashion. Original artistic designs were brought to clothing, mainly due to the influence of Futurism and Surrealism, and cooperation with innovative artists. Suoh points out that â€Å"the decorative accessories and textiles of Art Deco emerged from this rich collaboration, which included the adaptation of a number of artistic techniques such as Oriental lacquering†.... Wealthy customers of haute couture fashion suddenly lost their wealth, as homeless people crowded the streets. Some people in the middle class society managed to survive the Great Depression, but they preferred to do their sewing from home. As a result of the economic hardship, more natural forms of clothing and fashion replaced the ideal and strong silhouette that was popular in the 1920s (Suoh, 2002). For evening wear, the culture of long dresses was revived, while hair regained a soft curl and a more conventional feminine length. â€Å"The slim line of clothing remained, but the bosom was reasserted and the waistline was once again nipped into a standard position† (Suoh, 2002, p. 335). However, fashion for casual activities gradually gained importance, as people wore favored sports items and clothing and regular dresses with short skirts. Female and male designers acclaimed in the 1920s began to experiment and exploit new materials, while new designers expanded their clothi ng lines to include outfits for different occasions. These styles remained dominant until the beginning of the Second World War. Fashion and Art and the Second World War The Second World War which broke out in 1939 brought serious damage to art and fashion (Suoh, 2002). Many couture houses and salons in Paris closed, while the few that remained suffered from the departure of clients and scarcity of materials. The Germans intended to move the whole fashion industry from Paris to Vienna or Berlin. In Paris, the fashion industry suffered a lot of pressure, â€Å"and Lucien Lelong, the President of the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne, went to great pains to try to maintain the status quo of Parisian

Research Topics for English 1A Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Topics for English 1A - Research Paper Example As observed by the writer, these actions are subject to persecution and most of the times it does not. He argues that an animal cruelty as a subject is tricky to enforce because, as his analysis and studies show, it is only as good as the place it is being implemented. His article brings out the lapses and loopholes in the law put in place to take care of animal rights. Truth is that the set laws more protect the people who mistreat the animals; it is ironical in the sense that the laws are animal rights based. From all that analysis, it becomes the writer’s objective and goal to encourage and ensure people learn more about animals and brush out issues that at the first glance may not appear as animal cruelty. Gullone in his book demonstrates how animal cruelty is another anti-social behavior. He tackles and defends his main point by use of real life examples and keeps on quoting studied reports on the effects of animal cruelty to human social and emotional behavior. He considers a case study where, 74% of convicted felons who had been charged with aggressive behavior and practices against others e.g. robbery with violence. That all of them were previous perpetrators of animal cruelty at some point in their lives, and it is what has resulted into these antisocial behaviors. He advises that children should be bred to tolerate animals. No child should be allowed to be violent against other creatures even if they are not people. He asserts that children who kill, torture and torment other living things, are at a higher chance of ending up in jail at some point in their lifetime. He reckons that by killing, tormenting and subjecting other living things to cruelty, these individuals harden their hearts against humanity and become cruel over time. At the end, they never see anything wrong when a fellow person is subjected to such inhumane did and are

Management and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Management and Leadership Essay Management and leadership are considered synonymous, but actually they are two different words. Management is defined as, The art, manner or practice of managing, handling supervision or control whereas leadership is defined as, The ability to: express a vision, influence others to achieve results, encourage team cooperation, and be an example. Leadership is getting others to want to do things. Leadership is intimately tied up with motivating and influencing others. Managers are administrators who write business plans, set budgets, monitor progress, solve problems and facilitate meetings. A manager achieves authority and position through experience, understanding, time and loyalty. Managers have subordinates but a leader has followers. A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the choice of the group. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. As put by Faye Wattle ton, The only safe ship in a storm is leadership.Organizational CultureAccording to Websters New Collegiate Dictionary culture is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends on mans capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations.Organization culture is a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its memebers .It includes routine, behaviors, norms, dominant values and a feeling or climate conveyed..The pupose and function of this culture is to help foster internal integration, bring staff members from all levels of the organization much closer together and enhance their performance. A companys culture determines a lot of the organizations behavior. A culture may be strong (having a dramatic influence over an individuals behavior) or weak (having a relatively low impact on behavior).A strong culture is a coherent set of beliefs, values, assumptions, and practices embraced by most members of the organization. It fosters motivation, commitment, identity, solidarity, and sameness, which, in turn, facilitates internal integration and coordination. An understanding of organizational culture and how to transform it is crucially important for managers and leaders to achieve strategic outcomes. The position of strategic leaders in an organization assists them to see the dynamics of their organizational culture and attain the essence of strategic success through positive transformation. Effective managers recognize that replacing a long term culture of traditional values with one that embodies the competitive values needed in the future can take years. But the rewards of that effort will be an organization much more effective and responsive to its environmental challenges and opportunities.(Bateman Snell, 2007)Organizational Culture at Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines was founded in 1971 as a low-cost regional air carrier. The companys mission stated on its website truly reflects its positive and healthy organizational culture. We are committed to provide our Employees a stable work environment with equal opportunity for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for improving the effectiveness of Southwest Airlines. Above all, Employees will be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every Southwest Customer.Southwest Airlines has consistently been successful in terms of profitability, good employee and union relations, and customer satisfaction at a time when most airline carriers are struggling in all these areas. Central to the companys success is a culture of flexibility, family-orientation, and fun. They believe in, The way you treat and reward employees is one part of your companys culture. Culture is the companys way of life. It is how the business functions, operates, handles stress and reinforces its staff. It is the companys general attitude toward the world. Southwest has built a reputation as a fun, light-hearted and irreverent airline with a happy staff. It is said that Southwests biggest hiring criterion is whether an applicant smiles during his or her interview. Southwest feels it can train anyone to do the job, but it cannot teach a person to have a positive attitude. Southwest Airlines has recognized that smiling staff members can  handle negative issues skillfully and still satisfy their customers. Southwest is also identified as the early leader of worker responsibility. The company limits emphasis on the formal organizational structure. At Southwest, decision making is the process which is done by management/worker committees. Leadership meetings are taped and shared with employees. The researchers learned that productivity could be maximized when employees felt as though their needs were being considered by receiving attention for their work. This phenomenon became known as the Hawthorne Effect. It is as true today as it was during the last century that paying attention to our human assets produces tremendous results. Southwest Airlines has learned to capitalize on the principles of the Hawthorne Effect. Southwest Airlines has consistently remained at the top of its industry, while placing a rigorous focus on employees feedback and needs. Southwest seeks to share the companys success with its employees. The airline achieved high levels of employee satisfaction and was included in the Fortune magazines list of the 100 Best Companies to Work for in America for three years in a row. Southwests no-layoff response to September 11 was a reminder to its employees of the organizations tradition of caring for its people. When asked to comment on this, an official explained, Its part of our culture. Weve always said well do whatever we can to take care of our people. So thats what weve tried to do. Many analysts feel that the remarkable performance of Southwest is because of its ability to build and sustain relationships characterized by shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect between employees. Southwests organizational culture was shaped by Kellehers leadership. Kellehers personality had a strong influence on the culture of Southwest, which symbolizes his spontaneity, energy and competitiveness. Southwests culture had three themes: love, fun and efficiency. Kelleher treated all the employees as a lovely and loving family. Southwest attempts to promote a close-knit, supportive and enduring family-like culture. The Company initiated various measures to foster intimacy and informality among employees. Southwest encouraged its people to  conduct business in a loving manner. Employees are expected to care about people and act in ways that affirm their dignity and worth. Instead of decorating the wall of its headquarters with paintings, the company hung photographs of its employees taking part at company events, news clippings, letters, articles and advertisements. Southwests organizational culture encourages employees to be innovative, to communicate, understand and care, be devoted to customer service and most importantly to be an Individual. It maintains its success due to employee education, much of which takes place in Southwest Airlines festive learning center: the University for People. Southwest sees learning as a never-ending process. University for People trainers, known as facilitators, build a foundation for an ongoing learning environment through a supervisory leadership class called Leadership Southwest Style, which utilizes the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® (MBTI ®) assessment for self discovery. At Southwest Airlines, management wants employees to feel comfortable, reflecting its philosophy that an employee who is comfortable can think more freely and creatively. Regular celebrations bring employees together. These include Spirit Parties, Culture parties, and weekly Deck Parties at headquarters. Activities at these events include talent shows, dance contests, limbo contests, karaoke, and famous person look-alike themes. The Culture Committee welcomes new employees with a New Hire Welcome Kit, which includes a bag, tee-shirt, badge holder, pen, and welcome letter. Southwest Airlines is an excellent example of social invention that helps people discover their true capabilities. The social environment combines humor with responsibility. Employees work in teams without outside supervision. At job interviews, along with other self-development attitude, the prospective employee must show a sense of humor. The company recognizes the key to its culture is The Spirit of LUV. Their commitment to hire people with the capacity to love and serve others has yielded a bountiful harvest of loyalty and money. Hence it shows a very well combination of management and leadership. Key concepts of organizational culture at Southwest Airlines †¢Encourage to assume ownership †¢Hire for life †¢Trust their decisions†¢Give employees  immediate access to critical information. †¢They have the power to make adjustments and to fix significant problems quickly. Results achieved through these concepts†¢On-time arrivals, proper baggage handling, and customer complaints are communicated on a weekly basis. †¢Everyone is focused on customer service and making Southwest a success which allows them to expand outside of assigned responsibilitiesStrategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain healthy organizational cultureMotivation Management Leaders must have coaching skills, not control skills. Motivated people have goals and seek ways to achieve them. Efficiency is the result of motivated employees. The self motivated employees assume responsibility for their tasks. It creates an environment where workers trust management and management trust workers. Continuous Learning Opportunity Motivation is associated with the desire to learn. Without it, motivation dies. Most businesses operate with a wide knowledge gap between worker and management. All through history this has been the policy, it is job security for leadership. Today, efficiency requires workers to assume responsibility and this requires the narrowing of the knowledge gap. This is achieved by empowering workers. A strong organizational culture and an approach to learning that encompasses more than just training classes can create an organization that learns and improves upon its past successes. When change occurs, organizations with a learning culture and a focus on organizational development can surpass even their own expectations. ConclusionTo sum up, leadership is essentially related to a persons skills, abilities and scope of influence and management is a theory and a way of doing business. The managers who truly exercise the four functions of management; planning, organizing, leading and controlling, to accomplish their organizational goals are also true leadersAs time and requirements of  an organization change, there is always a need to change managerial functions. Managers at all levels must anticipate and adapt to changes. In any ordinary but expanding organization the next future change might be to restructure the organization. Technology is bringing a change in leadership styles. The command-and-control leadership methods of the last century are extremely inefficient in the fast changing technology world. Motivating environments are needed on the front-line with people who assume responsibility and exercise leadership. To attract and keep this type of person, the work environment must inspire and exploit employee capabilities. References Bateman, Thomas S. Snell Scott A. (2007). Management: Leading and collaborating in acompetitive world. (Seventh edition), Ch-2 12 pgs 66- 69 393-383Southwest Airline webpage. Retrieved on April 20, 2007 from www.southwestairlines.comSouthwest Airlines. Retrieved on April 19, 2007 from www.caseplace.orgFrazee, Bonnie (Nov, 2006).Organizational Behavior and the Learning Process. Retrieved onApril19, 2007 from www.innovativelearning.com

Types of Sub-Contractors

Types of Sub-Contractors 1.1 Introduction A sub-contractor has its own principal obligation to carry out his own sub contract work and complete in accordance to sub-contract documents. Contractor rarely complete a building all by himself without the help of a sub-contractor. A nominated sub-contractor has a contract under contractor who is usually instructed to construct the part of the building work under his expertise such as plumbing, electrical, roofing, cement work and plastering. A sub-contractor may be in individual or an incorporated company who perform his job partly in the project. According to Alberta Labour Relations Board (2002), when an officer is trying to decide which party is the true employer, it does not matter if the subcontractors work is: Part of an existing contract Contract between a general contractor and an owner Portion of work the owner is carrying n the owners account Under the standard form of the JCT contract there are 3 types of subcontractor: Domestic subcontractor A sub-contractor chosen from the list by the contractor becomes a domestic sub-contractor. Contractor will remain his responsible for domestic sub-contractor works and for any defects therein to the employer. Nominated subcontractor The principal acts as the middle man between the sub-contractor and the main contractor, whereby he independently invites tenders as sub-contractors and handles the negotiation of the subcontract and hence the main contractors are directed by the principal to enter into a subcontract with the subcontractor selected on terms and condition negotiated by the principal. Named subcontractors The employer is involved hands-on in the process of inviting and selecting tenders and after the final decision on the sub-contractor, the employer instructs the main contractor to enter into the sub-contract with that respective company. According to Chappell (2007), are 2 situations where a person to be ‘named Where work is included in the contract documents and priced by the contractor to be carried out by a person named in the documents Where there is a provisional sum and the architect issues an instruction naming a person to carry out the work it represents. 2.0 Review of appointing a specialist contractor JCT 98 A contractor and sub-contractor has a common relationship in construction industry where the responsibility to complete a building relies on contractor. Sub-contractor will enter into a contract by signing a contract with contactor and provide part of the building work to the sub-contractor by contractor. According to Standard Form of Building Contract (1998), a nominated contractor is being nominated when the Architect/the Contract Administrator uses a prime cost sum or by naming a sub-contractor, reserved to himself selection and approval of the sub-contractor to the Contractor who shall supply and fix any materials or goods or execute work, the sub-contractor so named or to be selected and approved be nominated in accordance with the provisions of clause 35 and a nominate sub-contractor should be Nominated Sub-Contractor. If a Contractors tender has been accepted he should not sub let his work to a Domestic Sub-Contractor without the consent of the Architect/the Contract Administrator. Clause 13.1 nomination of a sub-contractor to supply and fix materials or goods to execute work of which the measured quantities have been set out and priced by the Contractor in the Contract Bills fir supply and fixing or execution by the Contractor. Any variation under clause 13.2 Nominated Sub-Contractor in connection under such additional work is of a similar kind to supply and fixing of materials or the execution of work for which the Contract Bills provided that the Architect/the Contract Administrator would nominate a sub-contractor 2.2 Procedure appointing a specialist contractor JCT has issued some following documents which related to Nominated Sub-Contractors and are referred in the Conditions by the use either of the name or the identification term. According to standard form of building contract (1998) the following procedure is the Standard Form to nominate a Sub-Contract Tender 1998 Edition (NSC/T): Part 1: The Architect/the Contract Administrator will send an invitation to tender a Sub-Contractor Part 2: Tender by a Sub-Contractor Part 3: A Contractor and nominated Sub-Contractor under clause 35.5 will agreed into particular conditions Therefore the following steps are to nominate a sub-contractor should be: Architect/the Contract Administrator will complete the invitation to standard tender of Part 1 NSC/T and together with relevant section of employer/nominated sub-contractor agreement, NSC/W. A complete drawings/specification/bill of quantities describing the work will send to the tenderer. In part 2 Sub-Contractor and Employer signed as approved together with a copy of the numbered tender documents listed in and enclosed with NSC/T part 1 together with any additional documents and/or amendments where have been approved by the Architect/the Contract Administrator and to execute the warranty NSC/W The Architect will then nominate the sub-contractor using the standard nomination, NSC/N instruction to the main contractor. A copy of the invitation tender and the successful sub-contractors tender will be submitted to main contractor, the drawings/specification/bills of quantities on which the tender was bases and the executed warranty. Once the main contractor has received the documents, in within 7 days he should make a reasonable objection to the selected tenderer in writing. If main contractor fails to do so, he will tend to reach an agreement with the selected tenderer on the ‘Particular Conditions in Part 3 of NSC/T. When the Particular Conditions has been reached, contractor and sub-contractor will sign Part 3 of NSC/T and execute the sub-contract agreement articles, NSC/A which incorporate by the reference the sub-contract conditions NSC/C Lastly, a copy of NSC/T Part 3 and NSC/A signed by the contractor will submit to Architect for his records. 3.0 Review of appointing a specialist contractor Post JCT 2005 3.1 Review on a specialist contractor Post JCT 2005 Based on JCT SBC 05, there is no longer nominated sub-contractor in the contract due to numbers of problems arise because when a project is not ready to start work on the commence date, sub-contractor uses this opportunity to demand for extra money. Therefore there are only domestic sub-contractors in Standard Building Contract (SBC). 3.2 Procedure appointing specialist contractor Under JCT SBC05 clause 3.7 stated contractor should not without the consent of Architect/Contract Administrators sub-contract the whole or part of the work to a sub-contractor. He should responsible carrying and completing the Works in all respect in accordance with Contract Documents which is the same condition in JCT SBC 98 under clause 35.2. Furthermore, it stated if there is a Contractors designed Portion, Contractor should not sub-contract the design without Employers consent and should not in affected his obligations as a Contractor. Employer can narrow in choosing sub-contractor when the â€Å"work must be measured or describe adequately in some other way in the bills of quantities so that it can be priced by the contractor.†(Chappell, 2007) When selecting a domestic sub-contractor, the lists must at least contain three names to be chosen by the contractor to carry out the work in project. Employer or contractor may add in additional to the list before an agreement to a sub-contract is entered into respect of particular work. Architect will ensure that the list of domestic sub-contractors are willing and has the expertise to carry the work. Once the main contract is let, additional names are still able to be added where it has given a maximum opportunity for the contractor to take advantage on the competitive prices. If there is a circumstance before entered into a binding contract where the list name is below three therefore: Employer and contractor must agree on the addition of the names must contain at least three in the list Or, contractor carries the work by naming himself in the list and may sub let his work later with architects consent Lastly, a sub-contractor is chosen form the list by the contractor becomes a domestic sub-contractor where employer will not have responsibilities on domestic sub-contractor. Contractor will wholly responsible on domestic sub-contractor whether the â€Å"problems of delay, financial claims or termination of employment.†(Chappell, 2007) 4.0 Review the method of appointing a specialist contractor NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) 4.1 Review the method of appointing a specialist subcontractor NEC 3 ECC 2005 The NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) 2005 (Option B) have been designed in order to sub-contract work to sub-contractor. A sub-contractor in NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) has a contract with contractor in performing his duties such as Construct or install part of the works Provide a service necessary to provide the works or Supply the plant and materials which the person or organisation has wholly or partly designed specifically for the works Based on NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) under clause 26.1 stated, Contractor is responsible in providing work to the sub-contractor regardless whether there is a sub-contract work. In NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B), Project Manager who is the one to approved whether a sub-contractor is allowed to enter a contract unlike in JCT SBC 98 and JCT SBC 05 where Architect in charge in approving sub-contractor. In order to have a sub-contractor, Contractor must submit the name of proposed Subcontractor to the Project Manager for acceptance. If there is a situation where a Project Manager does not accept a sub-contractor therefore Contractor is not allowed to Provide the works to sub-contractor until the Project Manager has accepted him into the contract which stated under clause 26.2. Before nominate a sub-contractor, according to NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contracts Option B (2005), Contractor is required to propose contract conditions for each sub-contractor to Project Manager for acceptance unless: an NEC contract is proposed the Project Manager has agreed no submission is required Contractor is not allowed to appoint a sub-contractor if the proposed contract conditions to the Project Manager is not accepted. If Project Manager rejects the Contractors proposal of the conditions in the contract regarding the subcontractor, it is because of: the conditions do not allowed Contractor to Provide works the conditions do not include a statement that the parties to the subcontract shall act in a spirit of mutual trust and co-operation. 5.0 Review of nomination sub-contractor in construction industry 5.1 Reasons to nominate sub-contractor According to Atkinson (1999), the reasons for nominating sub-contractor(s) into a project are: (a.) the nominated sub-contractor is selected by the employer (b.) the company choice which the employer wishes to use is in his hands and that decision is not required to be objected to pricing. (c.) in regards to the timing of involvement and appointment of sub-contractor(s), it is left to the employer to meet his requirements (d.) a nominated sub-contractors design expertise, contract knowledge and services coordination can be utilised since he can be involved in the early stage (e.) if required, the sub-contractor can be made part of the contract team and be fully involved in the project. (f.) the distinct line of responsibility to the employer is established through a clear contractual liability. (g.) the introduction of formal links between sub-contractors and the consulting engineer, promotes efficiency as architect, QS and employer time is saved since long chains of correspondences are absent and price, design, programme, and variation are acted quickly on. (h.) delays can be avoided by establishing direct links and involvement 5.2 Why nominated sub-contractor has been omitted? In JCT SBC 05, nominated sub-contractor has been omitted from the standard form due to it has caused problems arise. The main problem is having a conflict relationship between the main contractor and subcontractor where â€Å"one party and the responsibility for that choice being put on another party.†(Chappell, 2007) Furthermore, the reason sub-contractor has been omitted due to demand for extra money when a project is not ready to be started on the commencement date but if there is no law implied when is the commencement date therefore contractor must come up with a reasonable date. The numerous frequency of the existing business relationship occurrence between the nominated subcontractor and the client gave rise to the issue of nominated subcontractors dominating the construction industry since the overall pricing is under the influence of the nominated subcontractor which gives them the power to affect the overall construction cost. The reason behind the ability of the subcontractors to gain such power to influence pricing in the construction industry is because subcontractors are lacking competition amongst each other. 5.3 Appraising the advantages and disadvantages nominating Employer In nominating Employer, there advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Employer has the right to nominate his decision which sub-contractor to carry out the work Employer will have the power on sub-contractors design through early design stage. With warranty NSC/W Employer will have a direct contractual link with sub-contractor in design and selection of materials by sub-contractor. Disadvantages Employer has no right against main contractor if they were defected design caused by sub-contractor If there was a delayed caused by sub-contractor therefore contractor is entitled for to an extension of time and will not have to pay for liquidated damages as warranty NSC/W will recover damages caused by nominated sub-contractor Lack of management on site because contractor is not responsible delay by nominated sub-contractor Employer will bear all the extra cost when there is determination of nominated sub-contractor employments either default or insolvency except delay caused by architect taking reasonable time for renomination. 6.0 Conclusion In my opinion, JCT SBC 05 had omitted nominated sub-contractor which gives simpler to the construction industry. It is clearly defined with nominated sub-contractor in the industry it has caused numerous problems to the employer and main contractor. Therefore without sub-contractor, it will help to decrease the proper parts of the risks which they have received under the main contract for sub-contractor to create its own risk beyond contractors control. However, each standard form of contract has own critics towards nominating a sub-contractor whether it has benefited more to employer or contractor. 7.0 References Atkinso.D, (1999). Subcontracting [online] 1 June. http://www.atkinson-law.com/cases/CasesArticles/Articles/SubContracting.htm [Accessed 25 July 2009] Alberta Labour Relations Board, (2002). True Employer and Subcontractor [online] 1 June. http://www.alrb.gov.ab.ca/procedure/24(f)(ii).pdf [Accessed 25 July 2009] Brand, D., 2009. Contract nominations. [Online] 5 January. Available at: http://cmguide.org/archives/315 [Last accessed on 23 July 2009] Chappell, D. (2007). Understanding JCT Standard Building Contracts. 8th Edi. Taylor Francis. London New York. Karnick, M., 2009. Nominating the best project subcontractors. [Online] 12 July. Available at: http://cmguide.org/archives/1357 [Last accessed on 23 July 2009] Office Of Government Commerce (2005). NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract: Option B: Priced Contract with Bill of Quantities. 3rd ed., Great Britain, Bell Bain Limited. Price, J. (1994). Sub-Contracting under the JCT Standard Form of Building Contract. Macmillan. Standard Form of Building Contract (1998). Local Authorities with Quantities. Great Britain, The Joint Tribunal Limited

Margaret Fell Fox Essays -- essays research papers

Margaret Askew Fell Fox In the seventeenth century, a commanding female public minister emerged during the radical religious movement of Quakerism. Margaret Askew Fell Fox was one of the founding members of the Religious Society of Friends, and was popularly known as the "Mother of Quakerism". She has been known less as a minister and more as a founder and provider of financial support then other young women. Throughout this paper I will refer to her as Fell Fox, name she acquired through marriages during her lifetime. Through her struggles and triumphs, radical actions and beliefs, and her desire to worship God, Fell Fox had a significant impact on the world around her. In this essay, I hope to share how Fell Fox’s life, writings, and actions contributed to her radical contribution to life in seventeenth century England. In 1614, Fell Fox was born in Lancashire, England. She was born into the landed gentry, a level of society with both good education and breeding. In her late teens, she married an older man, a highly respected judge, by the name of Thomas Fell. Fell was politically involved in the society and several times was a member of Parliament. During their marriage, Fell inherited a house from his father and he and Margaret lived at the estate. The estate had been named Swarthmoor Hall by Fell’s father. During that time, Fell was often away from home on court circuits. Fell was well known in the region for his hospitality to travelers, and accordingly, the Hall was open to travelers. Fell Fox followed her husband’s desire for hospitality. In June 1652, George Fox came to Swarthmoor while Fell was away on a circuit. (Fox was later credited with being the founder of the Quakers.) When Fell returned home, Fell Fox and their nine children were no longer attending their community Anglican Church. Instead, Fell Fox had deeply involved her family and herself in the â€Å"Principle and Persuasion† that was introduced to her through Fox. We have later learned that the moment Fell Fox met Fox, she changed her religious alliance. According to a analysis of Fell Fox’s works, her conversion from the Anglican Church to Quakerism revealed â€Å"none of the traditional Puritan obsession with self-doubt and self-introspection, while going through a gradual faith-awakening proc... ...aking. Wallingford: Pendle Hill Publishers, 1976. First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578 – 1799. ed. Moria Ferguson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. Kunze, Bonnelyn Young. Margaret Fell and the Rise of Quakerism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. _____. â€Å"An Unpublished Work of Margaret Fell.† Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1986. Ross, Isabel. Margaret Fell, Mother of Quakerism. London: Longman, 1984. Primary:  ¬Fell, Margaret. Margaret Fells Answer to Allan Smallwood Dr. Priest of Grastock in Cumberland. London: 1668 _____. Margaret Fell to John Rouse (her son in law) and Wife, 1st of 8th Month, 1664. London: 1664. _____. A Paper Concerning Such as are Made Ministers. H.W., 1659. _____. A True Testimony from the People of God. London: Robert Wilson, 1660. _____. Women’s Speaking Justified, Proved, and Allowed by the Scriptures. Augustan Reprint Society. Fox, George. A Journal of George Fox. London: 1694. Fox, Margaret Fell. The Testimony of Margaret Fox, Concerning her Late Husband, George Fox; Together with a Brief Account of Some of his Travels, Sufferings, and Hardships Endured for the Truth’s Sake. London: 1964.